start WAT compiler backend

.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 compiler
+out.wat

backend_wat.go

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+func getWATType(t Type) string {
+	// TODO: tuples?
+
+	if t.Type != Type_Primitive {
+		panic("not implemented") // TODO: non-primitive types
+	}
+
+	primitive := t.Value.(PrimitiveType)
+	switch primitive {
+	case Primitive_I8, Primitive_I16, Primitive_I32, Primitive_U8, Primitive_U16, Primitive_U32:
+		return "i32"
+	case Primitive_I64, Primitive_U64:
+		return "i64"
+	case Primitive_F32:
+		return "f32"
+	case Primitive_F64:
+		return "f64"
+	case Primitive_Bool:
+		return "i32"
+	}
+
+	panic("unhandled type")
+}
+
+func getTypeCast(primitive PrimitiveType) string {
+	switch primitive {
+	case Primitive_I8:
+		return "i32.extend8_s\n"
+	case Primitive_U8:
+		return "i32.const 255\ni32.and\n"
+	case Primitive_I16:
+		return "i32.extend16_s\n"
+	case Primitive_U16:
+		return "i32.const 65535\ni32.and\n"
+	case Primitive_Bool:
+		return "i32.const 1\ni32.and\n"
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}
+
+func pushConstantNumberWAT(primitive PrimitiveType, value any) string {
+	switch primitive {
+	case Primitive_I8, Primitive_I16, Primitive_I32:
+		return "i32.const " + strconv.FormatInt(value.(int64), 10) + "\n"
+	case Primitive_U8, Primitive_U16, Primitive_U32:
+		return "i32.const " + strconv.FormatUint(value.(uint64), 10) + "\n"
+	case Primitive_I64:
+		return "i64.const " + strconv.FormatInt(value.(int64), 10) + "\n"
+	case Primitive_U64:
+		return "u64.const " + strconv.FormatUint(value.(uint64), 10) + "\n"
+	case Primitive_F32:
+		return "f32.const " + strconv.FormatFloat(value.(float64), 'f', -1, 32) + "\n"
+	case Primitive_F64:
+		return "f64.const " + strconv.FormatFloat(value.(float64), 'f', -1, 64) + "\n"
+	}
+
+	panic("invalid type")
+}
+
+func upcastTypeWAT(from PrimitiveType, to PrimitiveType) (string, error) {
+	// TODO: refactor
+
+	if from == to {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	if from == Primitive_Bool || to == Primitive_Bool {
+		return "", errors.New("cannot upcast from or to bool")
+	}
+
+	if from == Primitive_F32 && to == Primitive_F64 {
+		return "f64.promote_f32\n", nil
+	}
+
+	if from == Primitive_F64 && to == Primitive_F32 {
+		return "f32.demote_f64\n", nil
+	}
+
+	if isFloatingPoint(from) || isFloatingPoint(to) {
+		return "", errors.New("cannot upcast int from/to float")
+	}
+
+	wat := ""
+
+	if getBits(from) == 64 && getBits(to) < 64 {
+		wat += "i32.wrap_i64\n"
+	}
+
+	if getBits(from) < 64 && getBits(to) == 64 {
+		if to == Primitive_I64 {
+			wat += "i64.extend_i32_s\n"
+		} else {
+			wat += "i64.extend_i32_u\n"
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch to {
+	case Primitive_I8, Primitive_I16, Primitive_I32, Primitive_U8, Primitive_U16, Primitive_U32:
+		wat += getTypeCast(to)
+	}
+
+	return wat, nil
+}
+
+func compileExpressionWAT(expr Expression, block Block) (string, error) {
+	switch expr.Type {
+	case Expression_Assignment:
+
+	case Expression_Literal:
+		lit := expr.Value.(LiteralExpression)
+		switch lit.Literal.Type {
+		case Literal_Number:
+			return pushConstantNumberWAT(lit.Literal.Primitive, lit.Literal.Value), nil
+		case Literal_Boolean:
+			if lit.Literal.Value.(bool) {
+				return "i32.const 1\n", nil
+			} else {
+				return "i32.const 0\n", nil
+			}
+		case Literal_String:
+			panic("not implemented")
+		}
+	case Expression_VariableReference:
+		ref := expr.Value.(VariableReferenceExpression)
+		return "local.get $" + strconv.Itoa(block.Locals[ref.Variable].Index) + "\n", nil
+	case Expression_Arithmetic:
+		arith := expr.Value.(ArithmeticExpression)
+
+		watLeft, err := compileExpressionWAT(arith.Left, block)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		watRight, err := compileExpressionWAT(arith.Right, block)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		//TODO: upcast expressions and perform operation
+
+		// TODO: cast result
+		return watLeft + watRight, nil
+	case Expression_Tuple:
+	}
+
+	return "", nil
+}
+
+func compileStatementWAT(stmt Statement, block Block) (string, error) {
+	switch stmt.Type {
+	case Statement_Expression:
+		expr := stmt.Value.(ExpressionStatement)
+		wat, err := compileExpressionWAT(expr.Expression, block)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		return wat + "drop\n", nil
+	case Statement_Block:
+		block := stmt.Value.(BlockStatement)
+		wat, err := compileBlockWAT(block.Block)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		return wat, nil
+	case Statement_Return:
+		ret := stmt.Value.(ReturnStatement)
+		wat, err := compileExpressionWAT(*ret.Value, block)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		return wat + "return\n", nil
+	case Statement_DeclareLocalVariable:
+		dlv := stmt.Value.(DeclareLocalVariableStatement)
+		if dlv.Initializer == nil {
+			return "", nil
+		}
+
+		wat, err := compileExpressionWAT(*dlv.Initializer, block)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		return wat + "local.set $" + strconv.Itoa(block.Locals[dlv.Variable].Index) + "\n", nil
+	}
+
+	return "", nil
+}
+
+func compileBlockWAT(block Block) (string, error) {
+	blockWAT := ""
+
+	for _, stmt := range block.Statements {
+		wat, err := compileStatementWAT(stmt, block)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		blockWAT += wat
+	}
+
+	return blockWAT, nil
+}
+
+func compileFunctionWAT(function ParsedFunction) (string, error) {
+	funcWAT := "(func $" + function.Name + "\n"
+
+	for _, local := range function.Locals {
+		pfx := ""
+		if local.IsParameter {
+			pfx = "param"
+		} else {
+			pfx = "local"
+		}
+		funcWAT += "\t(" + pfx + " $" + strconv.Itoa(local.Index) + " " + getWATType(local.Type) + ")\n"
+	}
+
+	wat, err := compileBlockWAT(function.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	funcWAT += wat
+
+	return funcWAT + ") (export \"" + function.Name + "\" (func $" + function.Name + "))", nil
+}
+
+func backendWAT(file ParsedFile) (string, error) {
+	module := "(module (memory 1)\n"
+
+	for _, function := range file.Functions {
+		wat, err := compileFunctionWAT(function)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		module += wat
+	}
+
+	module += ")"
+	return module, nil
+}

main.go

@@ -51,4 +51,16 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	log.Printf("Validated:\n%+#v\n\n", parsed)
+
+	wat, err := backendWAT(*parsed)
+	if err != nil {
+		if c, ok := err.(CompilerError); ok {
+			log.Fatalln(err, "\nv- here\n"+string([]rune(string(content))[c.Position:]))
+		}
+
+		log.Fatalln(err)
+	}
+
+	log.Println("WAT: " + wat)
+	os.WriteFile("out.wat", []byte(wat), 0o644)
 }

parser.go

@@ -114,11 +114,14 @@ type TupleExpression struct {
 }
 
 type Local struct {
-	Name string
-	Type Type
+	Name        string
+	Type        Type
+	IsParameter bool
+	Index       int // unique, 0-based index of the local in the current function
 }
 
 type Block struct {
+	Parent     *Block // TODO: implement
 	Statements []Statement
 	Locals     map[string]Local
 }
@@ -133,6 +136,7 @@ type ParsedFunction struct {
 	Parameters []ParsedParameter
 	ReturnType Type
 	Body       Block
+	Locals     []Local // All of the locals of the function, ordered by their index
 }
 
 type Import struct {
@@ -576,6 +580,7 @@ func (p *Parser) tryDeclareLocalVariableStatement() (*Statement, error) {
 
 	token := pCopy.nextToken()
 	if token.Type == Type_Separator && token.Value.(Separator) == Separator_Semicolon {
+		*p = pCopy
 		return &Statement{Type: Statement_DeclareLocalVariable, Value: DeclareLocalVariableStatement{Variable: variableName, VariableType: *variableType, Initializer: nil}}, nil
 	}
 

validator.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"log"
 )
 
 func createError(message string) error {
@@ -160,16 +159,20 @@ func validateExpression(expr *Expression, block *Block) []error {
 	return errors
 }
 
-func validateStatement(stmt *Statement, block *Block) []error {
+func validateStatement(stmt *Statement, block *Block, functionLocals *[]Local) []error {
 	var errors []error
 
+	// TODO: support references to variables in parent block
+
 	switch stmt.Type {
 	case Statement_Expression:
 		expression := stmt.Value.(ExpressionStatement)
 		errors = append(errors, validateExpression(&expression.Expression, block)...)
+		*stmt = Statement{Type: Statement_Expression, Value: expression}
 	case Statement_Block:
 		block := stmt.Value.(BlockStatement)
-		errors = append(errors, validateBlock(&block.Block)...)
+		errors = append(errors, validateBlock(&block.Block, functionLocals)...)
+		*stmt = Statement{Type: Statement_Block, Value: block}
 	case Statement_Return:
 		ret := stmt.Value.(ReturnStatement)
 		if ret.Value != nil {
@@ -185,13 +188,15 @@ func validateStatement(stmt *Statement, block *Block) []error {
 			errors = append(errors, createError("redeclaration of variable '"+dlv.Variable+"'"))
 		}
 
-		block.Locals[dlv.Variable] = Local{Name: dlv.Variable, Type: dlv.VariableType}
+		local := Local{Name: dlv.Variable, Type: dlv.VariableType, IsParameter: false, Index: len(*functionLocals)}
+		block.Locals[dlv.Variable] = local
+		*functionLocals = append(*functionLocals, local)
 	}
 
 	return errors
 }
 
-func validateBlock(block *Block) []error {
+func validateBlock(block *Block, functionLocals *[]Local) []error {
 	var errors []error
 
 	if block.Locals == nil {
@@ -200,7 +205,7 @@ func validateBlock(block *Block) []error {
 
 	for i := range block.Statements {
 		stmt := &block.Statements[i]
-		errors = append(errors, validateStatement(stmt, block)...)
+		errors = append(errors, validateStatement(stmt, block, functionLocals)...)
 	}
 
 	return errors
@@ -209,15 +214,19 @@ func validateBlock(block *Block) []error {
 func validateFunction(function *ParsedFunction) []error {
 	var errors []error
 
+	var locals []Local
+
 	body := &function.Body
 	body.Locals = make(map[string]Local)
 	for _, param := range function.Parameters {
-		body.Locals[param.Name] = Local(param)
+		local := Local{Name: param.Name, Type: param.Type, IsParameter: true, Index: len(locals)}
+		locals = append(locals, local)
+		body.Locals[param.Name] = local
 	}
 
-	errors = append(errors, validateBlock(body)...)
+	errors = append(errors, validateBlock(body, &locals)...)
 
-	log.Printf("%+#v", body)
+	function.Locals = locals
 
 	return errors
 }